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61.
62.
农业草类废物既是一种废弃物,也是一种资源,由于其富含有机质,可通过厌氧生物降解产生沼气。本文研究了农业草类废物的好氧预处理对其固含量成分,生物沼气产生潜力(BMP),甲烷浓度,产气速率的影响进行了研究;并计算了作为一级反应的反应速率常数,其结果表明模型与实验值一致性较好。 相似文献
63.
Takayuki Kameda Satoshi Sanukida Koji Inazu Yoshiharu Hisamatsu Yasuaki Maeda Norimichi Takenaka Hiroshi Bandow 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2004,38(40):6937-6945
The association of the direct-acting mutagenicity of soluble organic fraction of airborne particles toward Salmonella typhimurium YG1024 strain with the direct emission was investigated at a roadside and at a residential area in Osaka, Japan. The direct-acting mutagenicity was evaluated as mutagenic activity per unit volume of ambient air (rev m−3) and/or that per airborne particulate weight collected on a filter (rev mg−1). The annual or diurnal changes of the mutagenicity of airborne particles at the residential site showed similar patterns to those of some gaseous pollutants such as NO2 and SO2, which were emitted from combustion processes. This result indicates that the mutagenicity is mainly attributable to the primary emissions. From the analysis of the relationship between the wind sector and the mutagenic intensity, rev m−3 and rev mg−1 values were strongly affected by the emissions from the fixed sources and from the mobile sources, respectively. The rev m−3 value and concentration of 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) in unit per m3 at the roadside were a factor of 2.6 and 2.8 higher than those at the residential site, respectively, but the rev mg−1 value and concentration of 1-NP in unit per mg at the roadside were substantially comparable to those at the residential area. These observations suggest that the characteristics of the airborne particles can be attributed to the automotive emissions even at the suburban area. 相似文献
64.
Distribution of endocrine disruptors in the Llobregat River basin (Catalonia, NE Spain) 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
The Llobregat basin is a Mediterranean fluvial system with major agricultural, urban and industrial impacts. We combined chemical quantification by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry with electrospray interface (LC-ESI-MS) and the recombinant yeast assay (RYA) assays to estimate the loads of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) along the basin. Chemical analysis revealed maximum concentrations (at μg l−1 level) of alkylphenols at the lower course of the Llobregat River, which correlated with high levels of estrogenic activity detected by RYA. Analysis by RYA and LC-ESI-MS of influent and effluent waters from four sewage treatment plants (STP) discharging into the basin showed the removal of 80–95% of EDCs by STP treatment. Chemical analysis data and RYA data showed a quasi-linear correlation, demonstrating the complementariness of both methods. Our data suggest that the concentrations of the analysed compounds were enough to explain the total estrogenicity of water and STP samples from the Llobregat basin. 相似文献
65.
Two biological aerated filters (BAF) were setup for ammonia removal treatment of the circulation water in a marine aquaculture. One
of the BAFs was bioaugmented with a heterotrophic nitrifying bacterium, Lutimonas sp. H10, where the ammonia removal was not
improved and the massive inoculation was even followed by a nitrification breakdown from day 9 to 18. The nitrification was remained
stable in control BAF operated under the same conditions. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with rRNA-targeted probes and
cultivable method revealed that Lutimonas sp. H10 almost disappeared from the bioaugomented BAF within 3 d, and this was mainly
due to the infection of a specific phage as revealed by flask experiment, plaque assay and transmission electron observation. Analyses
of 16S rRNA gene libraries showed that bacterial groups from two reactors evolved di erently and an overgrowth of protozoa was
observed in the bioaugmented BAF. Therefore, phage infection and poor biofilm forming ability of the inoculated strain are the main
reasons for bioaugmentation failure. In addition, grazing by protozoa of the bacteria might be the reason for the nitrification breakdown
in bioaugmented BAF during day 9–18. 相似文献
66.
Degradation and detoxification of microcystin-LR in drinking water by
sequential use of UV and ozone
Microcystins (MCs) produced by cyanobacteria are strong hepatotoxins and classified as possible carcinogens.MCs pose a considerable threat to human health through tainted drinking and surface waters.Herein filtrated water from a waterworks in Harbin,China,was spiked with microcystin-LR (MC-LR) extracted from a toxic scum of microcystis aeruginosa,and the spiked sample waters were treated using UV irradiation with consequent ozonation process (UV/O3),compared with ozonation at a dose range commonly applied in water treatment plants,UV irradiation at 254 nm and UV irradiation combined with ozonation (UV+O3),respectively.The remaining of toxins were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography and also determined using a protein phosphatase type 2A inhibition assay,which was utilized to evaluate the reduction in toxicity.Results indicated that in comparison to other three processes (O3,UV,and UV+O3),UV/O 3 process could effectively decrease both the concentration and toxicity of MC-LR at 100 μg/L level after 5 min UV irradiation with consequent 5 min ozonation at 0.2 mg/L (below 1 μg/L),while 0.5 mg/L ozone dose was required for the level below 0.1 μg/L.The addition of an UV treatment step to the existing treatment train may induce significant transformation of micropollutants and breaks down the natural organic matters into moieties unfavorable for ozone decomposition,stabilizing the ozone residual.These findings suggested that sequential use of UV and ozone may be a suitable method for the removal of these potentially hazardous microcystins from drinking water. 相似文献
67.
A reliable and sensitive competitive real-time fluorescent quantitative immuno-PCR (RTFQ-IPCR) assay using a molecular beacon
was developed for the determination of trace fluoranthene (FL) in the environment. Under optimized assay conditions, FL can be
determined in the concentration range from 1 fg/mL to 100 ng/mL, with y = 0.194x + 7.859, and a correlation coe cient of 0.967 was
identified, with a detection limit of 0.6 fg/mL. Environmental water samples were successfully analyzed, recovery was between 90% and
116%, with intra-day relative standard deviation (RSD) of 6.7%–12.8% and inter-day RSD of 8.4%–15.2%. The results obtained from
RTFQ-IPCR were confirmed by ELISA, showing good accuracy and suitability to analyze FL in field samples. As a highly sensitive
method, the molecular beacon-based RTFQ-IPCR is acceptable and promising for providing reliable test results to make environmental
decisions. 相似文献
68.
将CSTR系统内pH由4.2一次性提高至6.0左右,启动发酵类型的转化,研究了转化过程系统内的产氢动态和细菌群落.结果表明,在有机负荷维持在(33±1)kg/(m3·d)的情况下,发酵类型10 d内未发生改变,产氢量8 d内未降低,15 d后系统内种群由乙醇型转化为丁酸型,进水碱度由250 mg/L增至2 450 mg/L.研究中利用荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)对反应系统内3类微生物群进行监测发现,在转化过程中Clostridium cluster XI数量增加,Clostridium cluster Ⅰ 和Ⅱ数量减少,而Enterobacteriaceae始终存在,变化不明显.种群的消长同反应系统产氢能力的高低存在密切关联,以Clostridium cluster Ⅰ和Ⅱ占优势的乙醇型发酵具有更佳的产氢能力,平均比产氢速率为23.6 mol/(kg·d). 相似文献
69.
70.
The present work deals with the application of genotoxicity biomarkers by means of the Comet assay in haemocytes and spermatozoa of the crustacean Gammarus elvirae exposed in vivo to heavy metals. Furthermore, a basal levels (BLs) study of DNA damage in the two cell types considered for two different gammarids species, G. elvirae and Echinogammarus veneris, was carried out. It is important to identify factors that influence the outcome of the assay in order to obtain reliable and reproducible results usable for risk assessment purposes. Our results highlight that the Italian legal limits for Hg and Pb, respectively, 0.5 and 50?µg/L, are inadequate for establishing safety thresholds in the aquatic environment. Furthermore, the freshwater invertebrate G. elvirae, used for the first time to measure the effect of genotoxicants, is a good candidate for evaluating the genotoxicity damage induced by heavy metals. Our results concerning spermatozoa show excessively variable responses and high BLs. 相似文献